Bridging the Gap Between the Earth's Ionosphere and Plasmasphere

A. S. is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Project 520916080. E. A. K. is supported by the DFG Heisenberg Grant 516641019. F. P. is supported by the Research Council of Finland under the project "Exploring the Upper Limits of the Ionosphere (EULI)," under Decision 362096. This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. N. P. acknowledges support from U.S. National Science Foundation Grant AGS-2054356. N. B. was supported by NASA Living with a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program under Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 936723.02.01.12.75, and by Partnership for Heliophysics and Space Environment Research (PHaSER), NASA Cooperative Agreement 80NSSC21M0180. A. S. is grateful to Alwin Roy (GFZ) for the help with preparing Figure 1c. The authors acknowledge support from the International Space Science Institute (ISSI-Bern, Switzerland) through the ISSI Working Group on "Advancing the topside ionosphere and lower plasmasphere modeling". Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

All data used in this study are publicly available. COSMIC data are available at UCAR COSMIC Program (2022). Arase PWE/HFA data, produced by the ERG Science Center (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya‐u.ac.jp/data_info/erg.shtml.en), are provided at Kasahara, Kumamoto, et al. (2018), and Kasahara et al. (2021).